Women are about twice as likely to get Alzheimer’s disease as men. But women who take estrogen as hormone therapy after menopause have fewer telltale neurological signs of Alzheimer’s disease after death than women who don’t, scientists report August 12 in Neurology .

Previous studies of menopausal hormone therapy have produced conflicting results. Some have suggested that estrogen could protect against dementia, while others show no benefit or even potential harm, especially when hormone therapy begins after age 65. A caveat is that many these studies have relied on measures of cognitive decline or blood tests, which are more ambiguous than…

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