A long-lost cave in southwestern China has offered archaeologists their first real glimpse of Denisovan culture.

Denisovans were a sister species of modern humans and lived across Asia an estimated 400,000 to 30,000 years ago. Researchers have uncovered only a handful of their fossils so far, compared with the thousands of remains of better-known Neandertals.

Now, Bianfu Cave — a new archaeological site at an abandoned quarry in Yunnan Province — has yielded a rich trove of Denisovan fossils. Protein analysis and high-quality X-ray scans have confirmed that the fragment remains found at the site belonged to at least three Denisovans who lived…

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