In Muslim-majority Oman, most people wake before dawn for morning prayers. People often go back to sleep afterward or take afternoon naps, says sleep medicine researcher Mohammed Al-Abri of Sultan Qaboos University in Muscat, Oman.

Such segmented sleep is not limited to Muslim countries. Teenagers, new parents, perimenopausal and menopausal women and elderly individuals everywhere can struggle to sleep the recommended seven to nine hours in a single block. Early school and work start times leave night owls without adequate sleep. Shift workers juggle daytime demands with nighttime working hours, cramming in sleep when they can. And people…

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