Why a decades-old spy tactic has been thrust into Europe’s limelight

Two fishing companies — Norebo JSC and Murman Sea Food — were placed on Brussels’ blacklist in May 2025. Not because of their fishing activities, but for being part of a Russia-state sponsored surveillance campaign that have conducted espionage missions and sabotage on critical infrastructure, including undersea cables.

Following Brussels’ lead, Norway sanctioned the two businesses months later, with the country’s foreign minister Espen Barth Eide stating their operations could facilitate future sabotage incidents.

Norebo JSC has refuted both allegations.

A year later, European Commissioner for Fisheries and Oceans Costas Kadis acknowledged…

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